The E-6 and C-41 processes depend on a specific infusion rate. Thus, using a straight replenisher formula tends to over-develop until the needed bromine is gained due to film volume. If the replenisher solution contained bromine, tank formula will now under-develop. This is because the restrainer is bromine, a halogen which is liberated as the films develop. The developer replenisher formula comes too strong and missing the restrainer. As such, when the machine is initially started, the replenisher solutions must be tweaked to make a working tank solution. The C-41 and E-6 formulas, being mainly for highspeed machines are sold as replenisher formulas.

Preservative that slows aerial oxidation and reacts with oxidized products to neutralize and limit the staining they induce.Restrainer that retards development preventing the development of unexposed silver salts (usually bromine).Mostly developers work in an alkaline environment, the more alkaline the more energetic. The replenisher formulas are balanced to replace exhausted ingredients and maintain the pH and concentration. The C-41 and E-6 processes were chiefly designed to operate in automated processing machines whereby the chemicals of the process have an indefinite life span if correctly replenished. All three leuco dyes are missing the same common independent. The color developer now supplies a missing dye ingredient and the leuco dye now blossoms into a full-blown dye. Silver oxide is the catalyst that caused the color developer to combine with an adjacent globule of leuco dye. As silver materializes it oxidizes as the waters of the developer contain dissolved oxygen. Each emulsion contains the appropriate leuco dye. The mechanisms is, as the black & white agent works, metallic silver is deposited in each emulsion in proportion to the exposing light. All three subtractive dye globules are missing the same single ingredient. Its job is to unite with leuco dye and convert it to a full-blown dye by supplying a missing ingredient. In addition to the developing containing agents that reduce exposed silver salts (black & white developing agents, there is a color developing agent. As more and more film is developed the developer solution thus gains more and more bromine.

The job of the developer is to identity exposed salts of silver and reduce them to their two component parts which are silver and a halogen (Swedish “salt maker” usually bromine but could be chlorine or iodine).Īs the developer works and reduce exposed silver salts, the halogen component is liberated and thus goes into solution into the waters of the developer. Yellow, magenta, and cyan are the subtractive primary colors (complementary or opposite of the light primaries).Īfter exposure in the camera, a high percentage of silver salts have been exposed to light and thus developable. The bottom coats are sensitive to red and contain leuco cyan. The middle coats are sensitive green and contain leuco magenta. The topmost coasts are sensitive to blue, and they contain leuco yellow. The silver salts in each coat have been adjusted so that they are sensitive mainly to one of the three light primary colors which is red, green, and blue. These films entail multiple coats of gelatin laced with light sensitive salts of silver and dye in a leuco state (Greek for white). We are talking, C-41 color negative film and E-6 color positive films.

Modern color films are incorporated meaning the dyes are placed in the emulsion during manufacture.

C 41 developer